Nanowires Could Increase Solar Cell Efficiency Limits

by James Anderson on March 24, 2013

nanowire solar cellA single nanowire can concentrate the sunlight up to 15 times of the normal sun light intensity, researchers at the Niels Bohr Institut, Denmark and the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, have shown. The surprising results have the potential for developing a new kind of highly efficient solar cell.

Nanowires possess some distinctive physical light absorption properties. Because of these properties, the limit of how much energy from the sun’s rays we can use is higher than previously thought. These results, says PhD Peter Krogstrup, show the great potential of development of nanowire-based solar cells.

The research teams involved have, in recent years studied how to develop and improve the quality of these nanowire crystals. Each crystal is a cylindrical structure with a diameter of about 10,000th of a human hair. The nanowires are believed to have potential in the development not only of solar cells, but also of future quantum computers and other electronic products.

It has been found that the nanowires naturally focus the sun’s rays into a very small area in the crystal by up to a factor 15. The diameter of a nanowire crystal is smaller than wavelengths of the light coming from the sun, so it can cause resonances in the intensity of light in and around nanowires.

Consequently, the resonances can produce a concentrated sunlight, one in which the energy is converted. This can be used to give a higher conversion efficiency of the sun’s energy.

Higher Shockley-Queisser Limits

The typical limit of efficiency, the so-called “Shockley-Queisser Limit”, is a theoretical limitation. For many years it has been a high mark for solar cells efficiency among researchers, but now there is the possibility that it may be raised higher.

As any scientist knows, it is exciting to move the theoretical limits. Though it does not sound like a big deal, that the limit is moved by only a few percent, it will have a major impact on the development of solar cells, exploitation of nanowire solar rays and perhaps even the extraction of energy at international levels. Nevertheless, it will take some years before production of solar cells consisting of nanowires becomes a reality, according to Krogstrup.

Illustration credit: Niels Bohr Institute

 

 

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Minuum One Dimensional Keyboard Saves Mobile Screen Space

by James Anderson on March 18, 2013

minuumMinuum is a small linear keyboard for smartphones that aims to free up screen space and enable faster more accurate typing. The developer, Whirlscape Inc., a Canadian start-up have launched and Indigogo campaign to fund an Android keyboard app, plus with an iOS keyboard for developers to put into their apps. It seems like a great idea, I hope they can pull it off.

Minuum’s auto-correction algorithm corrects very imprecise typing. Based on touchscreen and wearable device research of researcher Will Walmsley and associate professor Khai Truong from the University of Toronto, the algorithm configures the difference between what you type and what you mean, in real time, even if you miss every single letter. Per the FAQ on website,

Every time you tap on the keyboard, your device remembers a couple of letters to the left and right of each touch and compares the possible combinations of letters that you typed against a dictionary. The closer each touch is to the actual letter you meant to type, the more likely your intended word will be found. In general, you can consistently hit letters a couple of places to the left or right of the letter you actually wanted to type, and Minuum will still figure out what you wanted to say.

“While our mobile devices are becoming smarter and faster, the keyboard has coasted into the 21st century essentially unchanged from the days of the typewriter; now we’re stuck with keyboards that cover up half a smartphone screen but don’t make up in accuracy what they take up in screen space,” says Whirlscape’s Walmsley. “Realizing we could minimize the keyboard while maintaining accuracy was the eureka moment. We’ve changed what a keyboard needs to be, enabling a future of typing with wearable technology.”

The company boasts that Minuum recovers more than half of the usable touchscreen space lost when typing on traditional virtual keyboards . It provides letter magnification for precise typing, which is particularly useful for large fingers .While respecting user familiarity with QWERTY keyboards, it allows handy access to everything needed in a keyboard, like punctuation, space, backspace, and enter functions, without hogging screen space. With this keyboard you can even move it around your touchscreen where you want it.

The Minuum keyboard is called “one-dimensional” since it presents a continuum of letters, laid out in a row. Its simplicity and size accuracy make Minuum an ideal fit for future wearable computing devices. Although the first implementation of this technology is for smartphones and tablets, its type-anywhere implications are far-reaching.

Whirlscape is aiming to raise $10,000 on Indiegogo from March 18 to April 17, 2013. http://www.indiegogo.com/projects/the-minuum-keyboard-project?website_name=minuum

 

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THX Sues Apple Over Slim Speaker Patent Infringement

by Wesley Roberts March 17, 2013

THX, the audio company, is filing a lawsuit against Apple for patent infringement. The lawsuit claims that latest versions of the iMac, iPhone, and iPad contain technology relating to narrow profile speakers with enhanced sound output which THX has patents on. Basically, we are talking about a speaker which is covered in front and the [...]

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Looking Inside of Supercapacitors with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

by James Anderson February 20, 2013

The molecular organization and functioning of supercapacitors have for the first time been explored by researchers from France’s Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and the Université d’Orléans. The French scientists devised a technique which provides a new tool for optimizing and improving tomorrow’s supercapacitors. Despite the daunting their name, supercapacitors are not science fiction, [...]

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Asymmetric Scattering in Superconductor Dopants

by James Anderson February 18, 2013

Recently scientists have uncovered materials that can be converted from magnetic insulators or metals into Superconductors, capable of carrying electrical current with no energy loss. It is an extremely promising concept for zero-resistance electronics, energy-storage and transmission systems. Currently, in addition to keeping the materials very cold, a major step to achieving superconductivity is to [...]

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Hyperbolic Metamaterial Waveguide for Rainbow Trapping

by Wesley Roberts February 16, 2013

Buffalo University researchers have created an advanced waveguide which could lead to breakthroughs in stealth technology and solar energy. Their hyperbolic metamaterial waveguide is basically a sophisticated microchip made from alternating ultra-thin films of metal and semiconductors and/or insulators. The waveguide stops and eventually absorbs every light frequency, at somewhat different points in a vertical [...]

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